Pencak silat arrangements combine sport and self-defense moves with artistic elements, as well as breathing and spiritual awareness. This multitude of terms expresses an incredible richness of meanings and techniques, although they all refer to one specific form of martial art with a shared heritage and specific pattern. Other names, depending on places of origin or techniques, include “ gayong,” “ gayong Fatani,” “ lintan,” “ cekak,” and “ keletan.” The Philippines also uses “ pasilat” in addition to “ silat.” Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and Southern Thailand employ “ silat” to refer to martial arts techniques and “ bersilat” for the practice of it. These and many other variations are still very much alive locally today. The word “ pencak” and its dialectic spinoffs such as “ penca” (West Java) and “ mancak” (Madura and Bali) is commonly used in Java, Madura, and Bali, whereas the term “ silat” or “ silek” is used in Sumatra (along with “ gayung”).
More specifically, the term “pencak silat” is a compound name formed by linking two root words used with their derivatives in different parts of Indonesia in order to unify a great number of martial arts schools and styles spread across the archipelago. Its name was devised by the Indonesian Pencak Silat Association (Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia or IPSI), which was established in 1948 in Solo, Indonesia and later adopted by the International Pencak Silat Federation founded in 1980 by Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei Darussalam and is now used by all its members spread around the globe.
Pencak silat is a unique form of martial arts rooted in Malay culture, which stretches across Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, the Southern Philippines and Southern Thailand, and other places where populations who converse in the Malay language and refer to a common Malay ancestry can be found.
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